[Influence of antioxidants under polytrauma during traumatic sickness].

To study protective effect of Plapheron LB during grave traumatic sickness. Studied 94 patients with grave polytrauma, who were divided in to two groups of 47 patients. To I-st group was prescribed ordinary program of intensive therapy and to the II-nd group of patients additionally to the ordinary program of intensive therapy was made Plapheron LB in dose of 0.028 mg/kg two times a day sublingually during ten days. Grave condition of the patient was fixed by RTS scale and grave of shock by Skinner scale. Stated that each group was different in grave traumatic and shock conditions. Separately was studied group of health patients. The study was held by the method of electro-paramagnetic resonance of venous blood to admitted to hospital patients and on fifth day of intensive therapy. Noted: NO, FeS-NO, Fe(3+)-transpherin, Fe(2+) and Met-Hb. From immunology cytokin TNF-alpha was studied by the method of immunopherment. Results of study and discussion: Plapheron LB promotes decrease of the process of peroxide oxidation of lipids, increases activation of antioxidant ferments, stimulates production of nitric oxide and decreases the quantity of pyoinflammatory complication from those organs and systems which has no frequent effect of medical manipulation.

[Influence of antioxidant phenovin and immunomodulator Una de gato on free radical oxidation at parodontitis].

The aim of the research: detection of changes in free radical oxidation at treatment of parodontitis with combination of preparations - antioxidant Phenovin and immunomodulator Una de gato. Reactive compounds of nitrogen, oxygen and lipids in saliva, blood and gingival tissue of patients suffering from moderate form of parodontitis has been studied by means of the electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method and spin-traps (DETC, DMPO, PBN - Sigma). In patients with parodontitis content of free NO in saliva and blood increases, while in gingival tissue - decreases. In saliva, blood and gingival tissue of patients intense EPR signals of superoxidradicals (O2(-)) and lipoperoxides (LOO(-)) has been revealed indicating intensification of processes of lipid peroxidation in oral cavity, as well as in whole organism of patient. Exaggerated synthesis of NO in saliva and blood of patient is determined by high- expression of inducible NO-synthase triggered by oxidative stress, and increased activity of neuronal NO-synthase in saliva as a result of high concentrations of metacholine and P substance intensely secreted at parodontitis. Decreased content of free NO in gingival tissue of patients with parodontitis compared to control is the result of biological degradation of nitric oxide (conversion of NO into peroxinitrite on the background of intense oxidative stress in oral cavity) and nitrosylation of mitochondrial electron transport proteins of gingival tissue (characteristic for parodontitis) with further decrease in content of free oxide, suppression of intensity of mitochondrial respiration, energogenesis, development of ischemia in oral tissue leading to further initiation of destructive processes and progression of parodontitis. Treatment with combination of preparations - Phenovin and Una de gato decreased intensity of oxidative stress in organism of patients and reduced destructive processes of tissues in oral cavity. Relative normalization of oxidative metabolism in organism, restoration of NO-synthase system activity (intensity of EPR signals of spin-trapped nitric oxide and lipoperoxide radicals approach to control data) has been observed. It is concluded that combined treatment of patients suffering from parodontitis using preparations of antioxidant and immunoregulatory activity results in long-term remission of disease.

[Application of Populus Nigra preparations at experimental parodontitis].

Severe oxidative stress, developed under experimental periodontitis is accompanied by disturbances in mitochondrial respiration in tissue cells of gingiva, membrane damage and release of Fe(2+) and Mn(2+), leading to the worsening of inflammation process and gingival tissue necrosis. Reduction of free nitric oxide in gingival tissue appeared to be characteristic for experimental parodontitis: decreases local immunity, antimicrobial resistance, and tissue regeneration, disturbs blood supply and tissue trophism, which forwards important role in deepening of inflammation process and wasting of gingival tissue. Application of preparations derived from black poplar (Populus Nigra) gemma standardizes mitochondrial respiration, reduces presentation of inflammation, and considerably improves EPR-spectrum of gingival tissue. Though the complete normalization is not achieved--hazard of peroxidation still remains, the applied preparations, due to their strong anti- oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities is as an effective and rehabilitative means to tackle gingivitis and peiodontitis.

Role of free nitrogen and oxygen radicals in the pathogenesis of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia.

We studied molecular mechanisms of changes in oxidative metabolism under conditions of experimental lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. Generation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in mice increased 18 h after treatment with lipopolysaccharide. These changes contributed to inactivation of enzymes and enzyme complexes (ribonucleotide reductase, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, and cytochrome c oxidase), dysfunction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and development of oxidative stress. Plaferon LB protected mice from the toxic effect of lipopolysaccharide.

[Effectiveness of radioprotective action of plaferon LB].

The aim of the study was the investigation of effectiveness of radioprotective action of plaferon LB on rat's ovary during gamma-irradiation. It was established that during irradiation in the rats ovary the mechanisms of follicle genesis ovulation and luteinization are disordered. It was revealed hyperplasia of hormone produced structures by way of thekomatosis. During postradiation action of plaferon LB in ovary with disordered follicle genesis in single follicle the oocyte structure is preserved in dystrophic conditions. It may be concluded, that plaferon LB contributes to the inhibition of hormone produced structures hyperplasia. Preventive action of plaferon LB during 5 days before irradiation provides maintenance of normal structure of oocytes in follicle and increased hyperplasia of stroma. There wasn't revealed the trend towards thekamatosis.

[Plaferon LB as a modulator of the activity of transport protein complexes of mitochondrial respiratory chain].

Mitochondrial energogenesis plays key role in the vital activity of cells. Regulation of its intensity is especially important for the maintenance of function of tissues and body internal organs under different pathological conditions. There are numerous studies demonstrating modulator effect of domestic preparation, plaferon LB (USA patent number WO02/ 12444 A2) on the intensity of mitochondrial respiration in vivo at different pathological processes. In order to determine the mechanism of modulator effect of plaferon LB we have studied effectiveness of its effect on the intensity of electron transport in mitochondrial respiratory chain, inhibited by different toxins, in isolated myocardial sections in vitro. Isolated sections (100mg) of myocardium of white rats were placed in the buffer solution with glutamate and DNF. Obtained dredge was distributed in equal portions to the different cells, where amital -- inhibitor of I complex of mitochondrial electron transport chain or potassium cyanide, inhibitor of IV complex of mitochondrial electron transport chain, or plaferon LB have been added in different consecution with 2 min intervals (USA patent number WO02/ 12444 A2). We discovered that plaferon LB rehabilitates electron transport on the sites of I and IV complexes of mitochondrial chain that leads to a decrease in free radical production and normalization of cell redox status. This is the mechanism through which the preparation regulates the intensity of mitochondrial respiration and tissues energogenesis.

[Plaferon lb as a protector of radioinducible disorder].

As it is known, p-53-dependent apoptosis is the cause of the radiosensitive cells' rapid death during the first ours after gamma-irradiation. It is considered, that short time suppression of the function of p-53 may decrease injury of normal tissue. The aim of our study was the determination of the effectiveness and possible mechanisms of radioprotective features of plaferon LB. It was found that plaferon LB provides correction of content and function of nitric oxide in hepatocytes during gamma-irradiation and that may be induced by its antioxidant capabilities. By the correction of oxidative metabolism plaferon LB decreases intensity of postradiation alterations. The restriction of intensification of nitric oxide synthesis after irradiation also results in decreasing of iNOS expression. Plaferon LB induces reduction of oxidative stress in the organism, also provides NO-modulatory activity. Increase of proapoptotic activity of p-53 is due to NO-stimulated DNA-dependent protein kinase and p-38 mitogen activated protein kinase. It may be concluded that during gamma-irradiation the preliminary influence of plaferon LB provides prevention of hyperproduction of nitric oxide and by this way promotes suppression of NO-inducible activation of p-53-induced apoptosis.